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By Lawrence

5 minutes

Fall Around It

Drop a ball and it falls. Newton's big idea: throw it sideways fast enough, and it keeps falling, and keeps missing the ground.

Circular speed

A ball circles a planet when the pull bends its path by just the right amount. Too slow and it falls in. Too fast and it swings out wide. The right speed is √(GM/r).

From 11 units out, where a mountain top will stand:

√(1100 / 11) = √100 = 10        one lap: 2π · 11 / 10 = 6.9115 s

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